NURSING TOOL BOX SERIES

Definition: √ This is the breakage of the amniotic sac which can due to poor nutrition or infections of the cervix and uterus characterized by foul discharge from the vagina and fever. √  it is a complication of pregnancy which can occur more than 1hr before the onset of labour and can also occur after 37 weeks of gestation. * WAYS IN WHICH FETAL RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES CAN OCCUR ** 1. SPONTANEOUS RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES (SROM). √This is the naturally rupture of the fetal membranes during or after the onset of labour.it is a normal part of pregnancy. 2. ARTIFICIAL RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES.  √This Is done when the baby is at risk. √ PREMATURE RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES. √ Refers to any incidence of PROM dat occurs prior to 37 weeks of gestation and requires immediate intervention. * CAUSES/RISK FACTORS * √ previous case of PROM or preterm. √ polyhydraminous. √ illicit drug use during pregnancy. √ poor nutrition. √ Multiple gestation √ having had episodes of bleeding. √ infections e.g UTIs n STIs. √ pri

BEFORE ** *admit patient on acute bay. *Ensure there is good lighting. *The room should be clean. *Ensure conformability by making the bed well. *Prepare vital signs tray containing thermometer, sphygymomanometer,an other requirements. *Drip stand should be made available for hanging the blood pack. *Ensure that u have a functional oxygen machine within patients unit. *Provide a suction machine also. *Have Glasgow coma scale by the patients side. *Ensure that some resuscitation drugs like hydrocortisone, adrenaline and others are ready. *Provide heater to keep the room warm. *Ensure the Blood transfusion chary is available. *Explain to the patient that blood transfusion is the only way to increase the blood volume as medication may not offer full sustainability. *Explain to the patient that a Nurse will be by the bed side to assess for any reactions. *Allow patient to ventilate his/her fears concerning BT. *Find our from the patient if he/she has undergone BT before and ask for any re

●This is a blood disorder in which there Is a reduction in the oxygen carrying capacity in blood. * CAUSES * 1.Reduced formation of red blood cells. 2.Haemorrhage (Bleeding ). 3. Increased destruction of red blood cells. 1.REDUCED FORMATION OF RED BLOOD CELLS. ●This causes Anaemia when there is a reduction in the formation of red blood cells due to conditions like leukemia,Renal failure,Bone marrow suppression, Drugs, Diet lacking blood forming nutrients, malabsorption.Etc. 2. HAEMORRHAGE  (BLEEDING ).  ●Bleeding usually results either lack of the clotting factors or even due to trauma that may injure the blood vessels.  ●This will cause a decrease in terms blood volume. ●This is due to conditions like Haemophilia, leukemia, Trauma, Epistaxis  Etc. 3.INCREASED DESTRUCTION OF RED BLOOD CELLS.  ●Increase in the break down of red blood cells cause anaemia by decreasing the blood volume.  ●This is causes by conditions like septicaemia,malaria enteric fever, lack of the enzyme G6PD that mai

Definition of Performance assessment Performance management is an ongoing, continuous process of communicating and clarifying job responsibilities, priorities and performance expectations in order to ensure mutual understanding between supervisor and employee (California University).  Objectives  The objectives of Performance Management are to:  Increase two-way communication between supervisors and employees  Clarify mission, goals, responsibilities, priorities and expectations  Identify and resolve performance problems  Recognize quality performance  Provide a basis for administrative decisions such as promotions, succession and strategic planning, and pay for performance. Supervisor's responsibilities  The supervisor's responsibilities in performance assessment are to:  Communicate and clarify major job duties, priorities and expectations.  Establish and communicate performance standards. Monitor employees' performance through observation, discussion, etc.  Document good

 Define the task : Confirm in your own mind that the task is suitable to be delegated. Does it meet the criteria for delegating?  Select the individual or team : What are your reasons for delegating to this person or team? What are they going to get out of it? What are you going to get out of it?   Assess ability and training needs : Is the other person or team of people capable of doing the task? Do they understand what needs to be done? If not, you can't delegate.   Explain the reasons : You must explain why the job or responsibility is being delegated. why to that person or people? What is its importance and relevance?  State required results : What must be achieved? Clarify understanding by getting feedback from the other person. How will the task be measured? Make sure they know how you intend to decide that the job is being successfully done.  Consider resources required : Discuss and agree what is required to get the job done. Consider people, location, premises, equipment,

[12:47 PM, 10/23/2019] Jones Muna: The World Health Organization (WHO) promotes a comprehensive approach to PMTCT programmes which includes: preventing new HIV infections among women of reproductive age preventing unintended pregnancies among women living with HIV preventing HIV transmission from a woman living with HIV to her baby providing appropriate treatment, care and support to mothers living with HIV and their children and families.8 Guidelines for pregnant women living with HIV In September 2015 WHO released guidelines recommending that all pregnant women living with HIV be immediately provided with lifelong treatment, regardless of CD4 count (which indicates the level of HIV in the body). This approach is called Option B+.9 By 2015, the implementation of Option B+ had resulted in 91% of the 1.1 million women receiving antiretroviral (ARV) drugs as part of PMTCT services being offered lifelong ART.10 A year later, WHO released guidelines recommending a ‘treat all’ approach, mea

DEFINITION Cerebral palsy is a disorder of movement, muscle tone or posture that is caused by an insult to the immature, developing brain, most often before birth. Signs and symptoms appear during infancy or preschool years. In general, cerebral palsy causes impaired movement associated with exaggerated reflexes, floppiness or rigidity of the limbs and trunk, abnormal posture, involuntary movements, unsteadiness of walking, or some combination of these. People with cerebral palsy may have difficulty with swallowing and commonly have eye muscle imbalance. People with cerebral palsy may have reduced range of motion at various joints of their bodies due to muscle stiffness. The effect of cerebral palsy on functional abilities varies greatly. Some people are able to walk while others aren't able to walk. Some people show normal to near normal intellectual function, but others may have intellectual disabilities. Epilepsy, blindness or deafness also may be present. People with cerebral p

Uveitis is an inflammation of the uvea (or uveal layer) – the middle layer of three that make up the eye. It may be infectious or noninfectious. It is a treatable condition; however, without proper treatment, it can lead to other complications including glaucoma, cataracts, optic nerve damage, retinal detachment and severe vision loss. The uvea is a vascular, fibrous layer that protects the eye, and is critical to nutrient and gas exchange. It consists of three parts: the iris, ciliary body, and the choroid. When any part of the uvea becomes inflamed, it is called uveitis. There are several types of uveitis, each affecting different parts of the uvea. Types of Uveitis Anterior uveitis – The most common form of uveitis, it affects the iris and its surrounding tissue, the ciliary body both of which are located in the front of the eye. Anterior uveitis is sometimes referred to as iritis because the iris is the part of the uvea that is usually inflamed. Intermediate uveitis – Another form

Introduction:  Hello learner, you are making good progress. This is now unit 6 where you will learn about policy development and analysis. In unit five you had a chance to discuss the Zambian constitution as well as the Nurses’ and midwives act.  At the end of this unit you should be able to: Define policy development and analysis Indicate the purpose of policy development and analysis Explain the process of policy development Explain policy implementation Explain policy analysis. Definition of policy development and analysis.  How would you define policy? A policy is a general plan of action used to guide the desired outcome. It is a guideline or rule used to make decisions. Policy analysis involves the systematic comparison and analysis of a set of policy alternatives to determine which option is most likely to achieve a set of objectives. Policy development We have defined policy, now what is the purpose of a policy? THE PURPOSE OF A POLICY. The purpose of a policy (or health care

long-acting reversible contraception, such as the implant or intra uterine device (IUD) hormonal contraception, such the pill or the Depo Provera injection. barrier methods, such as condoms. emergency contraception. fertility awareness. permanent contraception, such as vasectomy and tubal ligation. METHODS OF CONTRACEPTION: There are different methods of contraception, including: long-acting reversible contraception, such as the implant or intra uterine device (IUD) hormonal contraception, such the pill or the Depo Provera injection barrier methods, such as condoms emergency contraception fertility awareness permanent contraception, such as vasectomy and tubal ligation.  WHAT IS LONG-ACTING REVERSIBLE CONTRACEPTION? Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) is a contraceptive that lasts for a long time. There are two types of LARC in Aotearoa New Zealand: the intra uterine device (IUD) that lasts for five to ten years the implant that lasts for three or five years. They are sometimes

History * Social Hist *Family Hist *Personal Hist *Medical Hist *Obstetric Hist * Surgical Hist *Gynaecological Hist PROCEDURES DONE # physical examination # Laboratory Invx # Counseling # Medical prophylaxis

Initial Interview The first prenatal interview could take a long time, so the person who is scheduling appointments for the visits should make the woman aware to avoid cancelling of appointments or rushing of the interview because the woman has an errand to attend to. It is important that the healthcare provider should establish rapport even on the first visit because information such as what the woman feels about her pregnancy and if she has any fears can only be taken once the woman trusts her healthcare provider. Personal interviews can also make the woman feel important and that she is not just one of the patients that would immediately be forgotten after the visit. The interview must take place in a private, quiet environment because it would be difficult for the woman to answer all the questions when you are in a sitting room full of waiting patients or on the hallway. The woman must also understand your role in the assessment, because if she views you only as the interviewer you