NURSING TOOL BOX SERIES

  Insomnia Insomnia  is a disorder that can make it hard to fall asleep, hard to stay asleep, or both. With insomnia, you usually awaken feeling unrefreshed, which takes a toll on your ability to function during the day. Insomnia can sap not only your energy level and mood but also your health, work performance and quality of life. How much sleep is enough varies from person to person. Most adults need seven to eight hours a night. Many adults experience insomnia at some point, but some people have long-term (chronic) insomnia. You don't have to put up with sleepless nights. Simple changes in your daily habits can help. Insomnia symptoms may include: Difficulty falling asleep at night Awakening during the night Awakening too early Not feeling well rested after a night's sleep Daytime fatigue or sleepiness Irritability, depression or anxiety Difficulty paying attention or focusing on tasks Increased errors or accidents Tension headaches Gastrointestinal symptoms Ongoing worries

  Walking Corpse Syndrome Cotard Syndrome  is a rare and unusual mental affliction. It is a neuropsychiatric condition in which the person has a delusional belief that he is already dead and no longer exists. The sufferers of this condition think that they are zombies. They develop delusional belief that they are putrefying and can even smell the rotting flesh and that they have lost their internal organs and all the blood. Sometimes they also believe in the delusion of self immortality. Jules Cotard, a French Neurologist first discovered this disorder and a patient suffering from it. He presented it in a lecture by false name Mademoiselle X in the year 1880. Symptoms  Neglect of own hygiene, constant withdrawal feeling, delusion of negation, sometimes delusion of immortality, depression and despair, distorted view of the world etc. Patient may also experience auditory and smell based hallucination. Person suffering from it may not recognize his own face as well as his known ones. Pati

  Trichotillomania Trichotillomania  (trik-o-til-o-MAY-ne-uh) is an irresistible urge to pull out hair from your scalp, eyebrows or other areas of your body. Hair pulling from the scalp often leaves patchy bald spots, which people with trichotillomania may go to great lengths to disguise. For some people, trichotillomania may be mild and generally manageable. For others, the urge to pull hair is overwhelming and can be accompanied by considerable distress. Some treatment options have helped many people reduce their hair pulling or stop entirely. Signs and symptoms of trichotillomania often include: Repeatedly pulling your hair out, typically from your scalp, eyebrows or eyelashes, but it can be from other body areas as well A strong urge to pull hair, followed by feelings of relief after the hair is pulled Patchy bald areas on the scalp or other areas of your body Sparse or missing eyelashes or eyebrows Chewing or eating pulled-out hair Playing with pulled-out hair Rubbing pulled-out h

  Sleepwalking Disorder Sleepwalking episodes usually occur during the first third of the night during the deepest phase of sleep. The episodes can last anywhere from a few minutes up to one hour, with five to 15 minutes being average. Sleepwalkers appear to be awake but are typically unresponsive to individuals who attempt to communicate with them. Persons who sleepwalk typically have no memory or awareness of their actions or movement upon waking. There appears to be a genetic component for individuals who sleepwalk. The condition is 10 times more likely to occur in close relatives of known sleepwalkers than in the general public. These families also tend to be deep sleepers. Sleepwalking may also be triggered by fever, which directly affects the nervous system, general illness, alcohol use, sleep deprivation, and emotional stress . Hormonal changes that occur during adolescence, menstruation, and pregnancy can be also be triggers for sleepwalking. Sleepwalking episodes are more like

  Sleep terror disorder Sleep terror disorder  is sometimes referred to as pavor nocturnus when it occurs in children, and incubus when it occurs in adults. Sleep terrors are also sometimes called night terrors, though sleep terror is the preferred term, as episodes can occur during daytime naps as well as at night. Sleep terror is a disorder that primarily affects children, although a small number of adults are affected as well. The symptoms of sleep terror are very similar to the physical symptoms of extreme fear. These include rapid heartbeat, sweating, and rapid breathing (hyperventilation). The heart rate can increase up to two to four times the person's regular rate. Sleep terrors cause people to be jolted into motion, often sitting up suddenly in bed. People sometimes scream or cry. The person's facial expression may be fearful. People experiencing sleep terror disorder sometimes get out of bed and act as if they are fighting or fleeing something. During this time injuri

  Somatization disorder Somatization disorder  is a psychiatric condition marked by multiple medically unexplained physical, or somatic, symptoms. In order to qualify for the diagnosis of somatization disorder, somatic complaints must be serious enough to interfere significantly with a person's ability to perform important activities, such as work, school or family and social responsibilities, or lead the person experiencing the symptoms to seek medical treatment. Somatization disorder has long been recognized by psychiatrists and psychologists, and was originally called Briquet's syndrome in honor of Paul Briquet, a French physician who first described the disorder in the nineteenth century. It is included in the category of somatoform disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR), the professional handbook that aids clinicians in diagnosing patients' mental disorders. The term "somatoform" means that the physical symptoms hav

  Community Health Nursing Questions D Situation 15: Community Organization is a process wherein people in the community, health care providers and agencies in the community are brought together. 71. Which one of the following is NOT an objective of community organization? a. Learn about common problems b. Plan the kind of action needed to solve problems c. Never to act on issues presented d. Identify problems as their own 72. Which of the following is the primary principle involved in the community organization? a. Planning group needs b. Assembly of community leaders c. Technique in asking questions d. Defined functions in each group 73. Which basic method can determine the extent to which the basic needs are met for the health workers to bring about the adjustment between need and resources? a. Education and Interpretation b. Determination of needs c. Program instruction d. Fact Finding 74. As a nurse you have gained entry in the community. Which initial step is done

  Community Health Nursing Questions C Situation 11: Application of CHN concepts and processes 51. Which of the following statements is NOT correct? a. As part of participation to policy formulation, the nurse plays an active role in lobbying for amendments to the nursing law b. In the community, the nurse raises the level of awareness for the people to identify existing problems and potentials and address such problem c. If the people in the community wants free medicines, the nurse complies as the basis of services should be on what people demands d. If many of the trained CVHW resigned, the nurse has to start all over again and never give up. 52. Which of the following statement is correct? a. If people are not attending to the services of the health staff, the team must reassess the needs of the people b. In participatory approach, the nurse devotedly adhere to what the people want c. In a pleasant community, where people are fighting for land ownership, the nurse must not

  Community Health Nursing Questions B Situation 5. The Expanded Program of Immunization was launched in July,1976 by the DOH and in cooperation with the WHO 21. Which of the following is the general objective of EPI? a. Reduce morbidity and mortality among people of all ages b. Reduce morbidity and mortality among urban poor children c. Reduce morbidity and mortality among infants and children caused by communicable diseases d. Reduce morbidity and mortality among pregnant women with high risk 22. What is EPI based on? a. Research studies on communicable diseases b. Epidemiological situation c. Surveillance studies and research d. Scenario of the community affected 23. Which age group is EPI compulsory as per PD#996 of 1976? a. School entrants  c. Babies and infants b. Children of all ages d. Below 8 years old 24. As a nurse, what is your role in the implementation of EPI? a. Target setting b. Gather children every Wednesday for Patak c. Surveillance studies and rese