PREMATURE RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES** (PROM)

-
Definition:
√ This is the breakage of the amniotic sac which can due to poor nutrition or infections of the cervix and uterus characterized by foul discharge from the vagina and fever.

√  it is a complication of pregnancy which can occur more than 1hr before the onset of labour and can also occur after 37 weeks of gestation.

* WAYS IN WHICH FETAL RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES CAN OCCUR **

1. SPONTANEOUS RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES (SROM).
√This is the naturally rupture of the fetal membranes during or after the onset of labour.it is a normal part of pregnancy.

2. ARTIFICIAL RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES. 
√This Is done when the baby is at risk.

√ PREMATURE RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES.
√ Refers to any incidence of PROM dat occurs prior to 37 weeks of gestation and requires immediate intervention.


* CAUSES/RISK FACTORS *

√ previous case of PROM or preterm.
√ polyhydraminous.
√ illicit drug use during pregnancy.
√ poor nutrition.
√ Multiple gestation
√ having had episodes of bleeding.
√ infections e.g UTIs n STIs.
√ prior cervical surgery or biopsy.
√Invasive procedures e.g amniocentesis.
√ smoking during pregnancy.


          * SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS*

√ presence of amniotic fliud pooling in the posterior fornix of the vagina.
√fever
√foul smelling vaginal discharge.
√ abdominal pains.
√ fetal tachycardia
√ feeling of wetness in the vagina or underwear.

    MGT **

* INVESTIGATIONS.

1. HISTORY TAKING will reveal history of smoking during pregnancy and other risk factors.

2. PHYSICAL EXAM will reveal foul vaginal discharge and other symptoms.

3. ULTRA SOUND SCAN done to check the amount of fluid around the baby.

4. AMNIOTIC FLUID for PH(acid base) to check the balance.

5. FULL BLOOD COUNT to rule out any infections.

   TREATMENT.*

1. ANTIBIOTICS.
 To treat or prevent infections especially neonatal sepsis. 
√Gentamycin 
√Benzylpenicillin.

2 .Corticosteroids.
To help de baby's lungs grow n mature e.g 
√Dexamethasone.

3.Induction of labour.
   
   
* COMPLICATIONS *

√ Infection of the membranes.
√ Placenta abruptio
√Umblical prolapse
√Respiratory distress syndrome.
√ C/S

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

DEPRESSION- ENDOGENOUS & EXOGENOUS

-
Image
DEPRESSION- ENDOGENOUS & EXOGENOUS   1. Mr. chembe aged 30 years is brought to Chainama Hospital Ward X with history of profound sadness and suicidal ideations  for 2 weeks. On admission, the Doctor conducted a Mental State Examination and a diagnosis of Depresion is made  a)  Define Depression                                                                                          5 marks                                                                             b) Explain five (5) causes/predisposing factors of Depression                             25 marks c) outline  the differences between reactive and endogenous depression  20 marks d) Discuss how you are going to nurse Mr. chembe during his stay in hospital                                                                                                                           50 marks     Patient Case: Mr. Chembe at Chainama Hospital Ward X a) Define Depression (5 marks): Depression is a mood disorder characterize
Read more

SUBSATNCE ABUSE PRESENTATION 2.

-
  QUESTION  :  SUBSATNCE ABUSE Namwela Zanga aged 21 years has been brought to your mental health unit with history of  alcoholism for the past 3 years. He is reported to be regular consumer of a local beer brew. This has led to self-neglect and he can no longer eat his food. a)     Outline any five (5) theories of alcohol/substance abuse           20% b)     Outline five (5) Social effects of alcohol abuse                                 20% c)      Discuss the seven (7) phases of alcohol intoxication                    35% d)     Discuss five (5) ways of how alcohol abuse can be prevented  25% INTRODUCTION Worldwide substance use and abuse are significant problems for adolescents. They carry serious consequences such as assault and rape. Substance abuse involve use of psychological active substances which are potentially harmful to the individual. It i s generally agreed by most scientists that stress, conflicts and frustration are major factors in substance abuse. T
Read more

MANIA

-
Image
  Christabel Kabindama aged 23 yeras is brought to the psychiatric hospital amidst talking and shouting on top of her voice non-stop. She is accompanied by Mwaka Ng'ambi who said she is also unable to sleep and claims she owns Livingstone College of Nursing and have supper powers. After examinations a diagnosis of mania is made. DEFINE MANIA Mania is a mental condition with distinct period during which mood is abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable. STATE THE PREDISPOSING FACTORS TO MANIA There is no specific known cause for mania. However, the predisposing factors are biopsychosocial in nature and includes the following: Biological factors Genetics. Mania is hereditary in nature. First degree relatives with these disorders are more likely to develop the mood disorder than people in the general population. Biochemistry. Research have shown that those with mania have too much of serotonin and epinephrine. Social factors Stressful life events, lack of social
Read more