NURSING TOOL BOX SERIES

  Cataract Nursing Care Plan Nursing Assessment Activity / Rest: The change from the usual activities / hobbies in connection with visual impairment. Neurosensory: Impaired vision blurred / not clear, bright light causes glare with a gradual loss of peripheral vision, difficulty focusing work with closely or feel the dark room. Vision cloudy / blurry, looking halo / rainbow around the beam, changes eyeglasses, medication does not improve vision, photophobia (acute glaucoma). Signs: Looks brownish or milky white in the pupil (cataract), the pupil narrows and red / hard eye and a cloudy cornea (glaucoma emergency, increased tears) Pain / Leisure: Discomfort light / watery eyes. Sudden pain / heavy persist or pressure on or around the eyes, headaches. Nursing Diagnosis Anxiety related to lack of knowledge. Goal Lowering the emotional stress, fear and depression. Acceptance and understanding instructions surgery. Nursing Interventions Assess the degree and duration of visual impairment. En

Dialysis Nursing Care Plan Description Dialysis is primarily used to provide an artificial replacement for lost kidney function (renal replacement therapy) due to renal failure Dialysis works on the principles of diffusion of solute through a semipermeable membrane that separates  two solutions. Direction of diffusion depends on concentration of solute in each solution. Rate and efficiency depend  on concentration gradient, temperature of solution, pore size of membrane, and molecular size. Two Mechanisms in Dialysis Diffusion – movement of particles from an area of high concentration to one of low concentration across a semipermeable membrane. Osmosis – movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of lesser concentration of particles to one of greater concentration. Indications The decision to initiate dialysis or hemofiltration in patients with renal failure depends on several factors. These can be divided into acute or chronic indications. Indications for dialysis

  Fractures Nursing Care Plan Definition A fracture is a traumatic injury interrupting bone continuity. TYPES: Closed simple, uncomplicated fractures  – do not cause a break in the skin. Open compound, complicated fractures  – involve trauma to surrounding tissue and break in the skin. Incomplete fractures – are partial cross-sectional breaks with incomplete bone disruption. Complete  fractures  – are complete cross-sectional breaks severing the periosteum. Comminuted fractures  – produce several breaks of the bone, producing splinters and fragments. Greenstick fractures  – break one side of a bone and bend the other. Spiral (torsion) fractures  – involve a fracture twisting around the shaft of the bone. Transverse fractures  – occur straight across the bone. Oblique fractures  – occur at an angle across the bone (less than a transverse) image by : physio-pedia.com Risk Factors From crushing force or direct blow Sudden twisting motion; persons with osteoporosis are at a particular risk