NURSING TOOL BOX SERIES

  HYPERTHYROIDISM 1. Mrs. Kamilioni Nyanga, aged 35 years, a business woman, married with 2 children was admitted to your ward with complaints of insomnia, heat intolerance and fine tremors. A diagnosis of hyperthyroidism was arrived at after thorough investigations. a. Define hyperthyroidism. b. State the three types of hyperthyroidism. c. You decide to carry out a physical examination/assessment on Mrs. Nyanga. State the four techniques that you are going to use when performing a physical assessment. d. Write down the management of Mrs. Nyanga while in hospital up to discharge ANSWERS a. Definition of Hyperthyroidism: This is a disorder of the endocrine system caused by excessive thyroid hormones, thyroxin and triiodothyroxine in the blood, characterized by increased body metabolic rate. b. Three types of Hyperthyroidism: Graves’s disease: The most common form of hyperthyroidism. It is an autoimmune disorder, associated with a diffuse enlargement of the gland, in which antibodies beh

  PRENATAL PERIOD; by Jones H.M-MBA Prenatal development is the process in which an embryo and later fetus develops during gestation. Prenatal development starts with fertilization, the first stage in embryogenesis which continues in fetal development until birth. Gravidity Gravida refers to a pregnant woman Gravidity refers to the number of pregnancies A nulligravida is a woman who has never been pregnant A primigravida is a woman who is pregnant for the first time A multigravida is a woman in at least her second pregnancy Parity Parity is the number of births (not the number of fetuses, e.g., twins) carried past 20 weeks of gestation, whether or not the fetus was born alive A nullipara is a woman who has not had a birth at more than 20 weeks of gestation A primipara is a woman who has had 1 birth that occurred after the twentieth week of gestation A multipara is a woman who has had 2 or more pregnancies to the stage of fetal viability True Labor Contractions occur regularly, become s

  THE FLOW OF CEREBRAL SPINAL FLUID( CSF) CSF is produced mainly by a structure called the choroid plexus in the lateral, third and fourth ventricles. CSF flows from the lateral ventricle to the third ventricle through the interventricular foramen (also called the foramen of Monro). The third ventricle and fourth ventricle are connected to each other by the cerebral aqueduct (also called the Aqueduct of Sylvius). CSF then flows into the subarachnoid space through the foramina of Luschka (there are two of these) and the foramen of Magendie (only one of these). Absorption of the CSF into the blood stream takes place in the superior sagittal sinus through structures called arachnoid villi . When the CSF pressure is greater than the venous pressure, CSF will flow into the blood stream. However, the arachnoid villi act as "one way valves"...if the CSF pressure is less than the venous pressure, the arachnoid villi will NOT let blood pass into the ventricular system.

  DELEGATION DEFINITION It is the assignment to another person of formal authority and responsibility for carrying out specific activities. FIVE RIGHTS OF DELEGATION The five rights to delegation are:- 1. Right task 2. Right circumstance 3. Right person 4. Right direction/communication 5. Right supervision/evaluation ESSENTIALS OF DELEGATION 1. Entrusting work or responsibility to another 2. Entrusting power, authority, and accountability 3. Creating an obligation on part of the person 4. Accepting the delegation to perform in terms of standards WHEN TO DELEGATE 1. When the workload has exceeded the manager's physical and psychological capacity 2. When the supervisor has to go somewhere for sometime 3. When the manager wants subordinates to learn HOW TO DELEGATE • Get acceptance and understanding of the subordinates • Specify goals and objectives • State the end result expected • Leave the subordinate to work on her own without interference • Follow her work privately to check the