SECOND STAGE OF LABOUR

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RESEARCH SYNOPSIS

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What is suicide?

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  What is suicide? Suicide  is the intentional act of killing oneself. The act constitutes a person willingly, perhaps ambivalently, taking their own life. Death by suicide means the person has died. It is important not to use the term successful suicide because the goal is to prevent suicide and provide treatment (Soreff & Xiong, 2022). Suicidal thoughts are common in people with depression, schizophrenia, alcohol/substance abuse, and personality disorders (antisocial, borderline, and paranoid). Physical illness (chronic illness such as HIV, AIDS, recent surgery, pain) and environmental factors (unemployment, family history of depression, isolation, recent loss) can play a role in suicide behavior. Suicidal ideation , often called suicidal thoughts or ideas, is a broad term used to describe a range of contemplations, wishes, and preoccupations with death and suicide. Active suicidal ideation denotes experiencing curren...
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Meningitis

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Meningitis   Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. It can be caused by various pathogens or non-infectious factors, and its severity ranges from mild to life-threatening. Below are concise notes on meningitis, covering its causes, types, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. 1. Causes Infectious : Bacterial : Common pathogens include Streptococcus pneumoniae , Neisseria meningitidis , Haemophilus influenzae type b, and Listeria monocytogenes . Bacterial meningitis is often severe and requires urgent treatment. Viral : Enteroviruses (e.g., echovirus, coxsackievirus), herpesviruses, and others. Typically milder than bacterial but can be serious. Fungal : Caused by fungi like Cryptococcus or Histoplasma , often in immunocompromised individuals. Parasitic : Rare, caused by organisms like Naegleria fowleri (from contaminated water). Non-infectious : Caused by cancer, autoimmune diseases, head tr...
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