NURSING TOOL BOX SERIES

  IMMUNITY The immune system is a system of biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. TYPES OF IMMUNITY Immunity is divided into two divisions Non – specific (innate immune system/inherent) Specific/adaptive immunity which gives acquired immunity.    NON SPECIFIC/NATIVE/INNATE A portion of immunity resulting from general processes rather than processes directed at specific diseases or organisms.   This include resistance of skin to invasion by organisms, destruction by acid secretion by stomach and digestive enzymes organisms swallowed, phagocytosis of bacteria and other invader by leukocytes and cells of the tissue macrophage system.   SPECIFIC OR ADAPTIVE OR ACQUIRED Acquired immunity is the type of immunity which has sp...

  DEMENTIA, DELIRIUM & ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE DEMENTIA Definition Dementia,  is a syndrome characterized by progressive, usually irreversible, global cognitive (mental activity) deficits such as memory, language, emotion, personality which is of sufficient severity to interfere with one’s normal & occupational functioning. Clinical Features ·        Memory impairment (starts with short-term and progresses to long-term) which is impaired ability to learn new information or to recall previously learned information ·        Impairment in abstract thinking, judgment, & impulse control. ·        Aphasia – difficulties in naming objects, or in speaking. ·         Dysphasia( DIFFICULT IN TALKING) ·         Agnosia-DIFFICULT IN RECOGNISING FAMILIAR PEOPLE ·        Aprax...

  General Preoperative Nursing Care. ] {Suggested format  of your write up when attempting surgery questions}   The questions may appear in the following forms; asking you   ü   The general preoperative  nursing care  ü   Specific preoperative  nursing care ü   Immediate preoperative  nursing care ü   Emergency nursing care   ü   It important that you begin by giving a brief introduction of the kind of preoperative nursing care you are going to describe i.e.   ü   Preoperative nursing care is the care that I will give my patient from the time of admission to a surgical unit up until the time immediately before the patient is transferred to the operating dept.   ü   Or ü   The immediate preoperative nursing care is the care that I will give to my client immediately {30min to one hr} before transferring him to the operating dept.      ü  ...