NURSING TOOL BOX SERIES

  HEPATIC COMA This is also Called Hepatic Encephalopathy. Introduction √The liver is a cardinal body organ responsible for various activities in the body such as Excretion and removal of waste products from the body. √When the liver Fails to perform it's function of excreting wastes from the blood,The toxins will accumulate in the blood and are supplied to various parts of the body including the Brain. √When these toxins are transported to the brain in blood,The Brain's functions starts to decline (Fail),When the brain Fails to function,The patient will go into coma. √This type of coma is what is called Hepatic Coma. Definition √.This is the loss of the Brain's Function following Failure of the liver to Excrete Excess toxins from the Blood and is charecterized by Fever and coma. √.This is a decline in the Brain function Occuring as a result of Severe Liver Disease. FUNCTIONS OF THE LIVER 1.It helps in the Blood Detoxification. 2.Excretion of Bilirubin 3.Synthesis of Plasma...

 P neumonia Mr. Jeremia Jere a miner at from Konkola Coppermine Plc is admitted to your medical ward with history a of dry cough and chest pains. On examination, a diagnosis of lobar pneumonia is made. State five (5) other signs and symptoms of lobar pneumonia other than those mentioned above 15% Mention five (5) causes of pneumonia 10% Describe the management of Mr. Jere while in hospital till discharge 50% Explain five (5) complications of pneumonia. 25% SOLUTIONS/ ANSWERS. a) State five (5) other signs and symptoms of lobar pneumonia. Nasal flaring due to poor ventilation and labored breathing Dyspnea due to poor ventilation as a result of inflammation in the lung Cyanosis due to hypoxia Chest pains (stabbing in nature) due to inflammation in the lung and pleura ...

  GENERAL MANAGEMENT OF A PSYCHATRIC PATIENT ====================================== CREATION OF A THERAPEUTIC NURSE-PATIENT RELATIONSHIP Introduce yourself to the patient so that the patient can know you. Explain your roles and responsibilities in order for the patient to understand your presence in the ward Ask the patient to introduce her/himself and tell you the preferred name so that you can address him/her by that. Avoid making promises you cannot fulfil to the patient to prevent patient losing confidence in you. CREATING A SAFE ENVIRONMENT Remove all dangerous items such as ropes, bars/rods from the patient unit to prevent the patient from harming him/herself. Ensure that the windows in the patient unit are very high and with bars to prevent the patient from jumping out of the room. Ensure enough lighting in the room to prevent patient from hiding and harm anyone who comes in the unit. Ensure that the door of the patient unit or ward is kept locked all the time to prevent pat...

  QUESTION ONE (1) PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT (COMPULSORY) 1.) Mrs Mwetwe aged 45 years is a ward manager at Solwezi general hospital and has asked you to orient student nurses on how to manage a ward A] Define a ward manager (5mks) Ward Manager is the nurse or midwife involved in the process of planning, organizing, leading and controlling the work of organizational members and of using all available resources to reach stated organizational goals. B] Outline five(5) functions of the ward manager (15mks) 1. Planning-setting goals, developing strategies, and outlining tasks and schedules to accomplish the goal. 2. Organizing-identifying and grouping of the works to be performed, defining and delegating responsibility and authority and establishing relationships for the purpose of enabling people to work most efficiently. 3.Directing- linking up different departments and human resource in order to achieve set objectives of an organization or Co-ordination is the orderly sy...

  HEALTH ECONOMICS Health economics is a branch of economics concerned with issues related to efficiency, effectiveness, value and behavior in the production and consumption of health and healthcare. Health economics is important in determining how to improve health outcomes and lifestyle patterns through interactions between individuals, healthcare providers and clinical settings.[2] In broad terms, health economists study the functioning of healthcare systems and health-affecting behaviors such as smoking, diabetes, and obesity. The scope of health economics is neatly encapsulated by Alan Williams' "plumbing diagram"[10] dividing the discipline into eight distinct topics: What influences health? (other than healthcare) What is health and what is its value? The demand for healthcare The supply of healthcare Micro-economic evaluation at treatment level Market equilibrium Evaluation at whole system level Planning, budgeting and monitoring mechanisms. TYPES OF ECONOMIC EVAL...