NURSING TOOL BOX SERIES

  GENERAL NURSING MANAGEMENT OF MEDICAL CONDITIONS APROPHENEMA (AEPROPHENEMA) AIMS Facilitate quick healing. Promote mental, physical, and psychological rest. Prevent the spread of infection. Correct electrolyte imbalances. Prevent complications and restore good health. Educate the client on the cause, transmission, disease process, and prevention. To achieve these objectives, the nursing care plan will include the following components: ENVIRONMENT The patient will be admitted to a medical ward, preferably in a side ward near the nurses’ station for close monitoring. Maintain a clean and quiet environment to promote rest and relaxation, aiding the healing process. Ensure proper ventilation for air circulation and good lighting for observations. Provide necessary accessories like bedside lockers and cardiac tables for the patient's comfort. Keep emergency drugs and resuscitation equipment within reach. For infectious conditions, isolate the patient and adhere to infection prevention...

  BEHAVIOUR THERAPY  **Shaping** **Definition**: Shaping involves reinforcing behaviors that are successively closer to the approximations of the target behavior. **Example**: A nurse working with a patient who has schizophrenia might use shaping to help the patient maintain personal hygiene. Initially, the nurse might reinforce the patient for simply entering the bathroom. Next, they might reinforce the patient for turning on the faucet, then for washing their hands, and eventually for taking a full shower. Each small step towards the final behavior is reinforced until the patient is consistently engaging in the target behavior. **Flooding** **Definition**: Flooding involves exposing clients to fear-invoking objects or situations intensely and rapidly. **Example**: For a patient with severe agoraphobia (fear of open spaces), a nurse might accompany the patient to an open park and encourage them to stay there for an extended period. The nurse provides support and reassurance w...

  a. Define Management (0.5%) Management refers to the process of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling resources, such as human, financial, and physical resources, to achieve organizational goals effectively and efficiently. b. Six Rights of Logistics Management (12%) The "Six Rights" of logistics management ensure that the supply chain is effective. They are: Right Product : Ensuring the correct product is available. Right Quantity : Supplying the appropriate quantity needed. Right Place : Delivering products to the right location. Right Time : Ensuring the timely delivery of products. Right Condition : Ensuring products are in good condition upon arrival. Right Cost : Managing the cost-effectiveness of logistics. c. Three Levels of Management with Examples (33%) Top-Level Management : This level is responsible for making overall strategic decisions and setting the long-term goals of the organization. Examples include the Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Directors, ...

  DISORDERS OF THE ANAL CANAL Disorders of the rectum and anal canal along with their symptoms, management, and investigations: Haemorrhoids Painful protrusion of the anal mucosa due to constipation and hard stools. Predisposing factors: Low-fiber diet, dehydration, pregnancy, colon cancer, HIV/AIDS, other painful anal conditions. Types: First degree : Internal, no protrusion. Second degree : Protrude during defecation but retract. Third degree : Remain protruded, may thrombose. Complications: Bleeding, thrombosis, ulceration. Management: High-fiber diet, stool softeners; haemorrhoidectomy for third degree. Anal Fissure Painful anal tear caused by hard stool and poor hygiene. Management: Manual dilatation, fissure scraping with nitroglycerin injection, sitz baths. Anal Fistula Fibrous tunnel from rectum/anal canal to skin, causing drainage and pain. Causes: Poorly managed abscess, HIV/AIDS, diabetes. Classification: Low-level (below internal sphincter), high-level (involves ...

  TYPES OF THERAPY IN PSYCHIATRY Here is an expanded overview of the types of therapy mentioned, including their key applications, approaches, and how they benefit individuals: 1. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) CBT is a widely used form of talk therapy that focuses on identifying and changing negative thought patterns and behaviors. It is based on the idea that our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are interconnected, and by changing negative thought patterns, we can alter emotions and behaviors. Conditions Treated : Depression Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Anxiety Disorders (e.g., Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder) Eating Disorders (e.g., Anorexia, Bulimia) Chronic Stress How It Works : Goal-oriented : Therapists help clients recognize distortions in thinking, like "catastrophizing" or "black-and-white thinking," and replace them with healthier perspectives. Behavior modification : It helps pat...