NURSING TOOL BOX SERIES

  VOMITING REFLEX OR EMETIC REFLEX The vomiting reflex, also known as the emetic reflex, is a protective response of the body to expel harmful or irritating substances from the stomach. It is a complex and coordinated process involving several physiological and neurological mechanisms. The primary purpose of the vomiting reflex is to prevent the absorption of toxic substances and to protect the body from potential harm. Here is an overview of the key components of the vomiting reflex: Stimulation of Vomiting: The vomiting reflex can be triggered by various stimuli, including: Chemical Stimuli: Substances that are toxic, irritating, or incompatible with the body may activate the vomiting reflex. Examples include certain drugs, ingested toxins, or spoiled food. Mechanical Stimuli: Irritation of the stomach lining or the presence of a foreign object can stimulate the vomiting reflex. Sensory Input: Nausea and visual or olfactory cues can contribute to the initiation of the reflex. Neur

                    CONGESTIVE CARDIAC FAILURE  NURSING CARE PLAN Nursing problem Nursing diagnosis Objectives/goal Nursing interventions Evaluation Impaired gas exchange Impaired gas exchange related to increased preload, mechanical failure, or immobility as manifested by increased respiratory rate, shortness of breath, dyspnoea on exertion   The patient will maintain normal gas exchange within 45 minutes of intervention  evidenced by ease of breathing, reduced respiratory rate   - Monitor the rate, rhythm, depth and effort of respirations. - Auscultate breath sounds, noting the areas of decreased/absent ventilation, and presence of adventitious sounds to assess congestion - Monitor for dyspnoea and events that improve and worsen it to detect events that can influence ADLs. - Administer supplemental oxygen as prescribed to maintain oxygen levels. - Change o

 N ursing Process for Neonatal Jaundice The nursing process for neonatal jaundice involves a systematic approach to assessing, planning, implementing, and evaluating care for a newborn with jaundice. Neonatal jaundice is a common condition in newborns caused by the accumulation of bilirubin, a yellow pigment, in the baby's blood. Here's a guide to the nursing process for neonatal jaundice: 1. Assessment: History: Obtain a thorough maternal and neonatal history, including prenatal care, maternal blood type and Rh factor, and any family history of jaundice. Clinical Assessment: Perform a complete physical assessment of the newborn, paying attention to skin color, sclera, and mucous membranes. Use a bilirubinometer or laboratory tests to measure serum bilirubin levels. Assess for signs of hemolysis, such as an enlarged liver or spleen. Feeding Assessment: Evaluate the newborn's feeding patterns, as breastfed infants may have a higher risk of jaundice. 2. Diagnosis: Nursing Dia