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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

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  Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) 1.1 Definitions HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) : A virus that attacks the immune system, specifically CD4 cells (T-cells), leading to AIDS. There are two types:  HIV-1  (more severe) and  HIV-2 . AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) : A condition where the immune system is severely weakened by HIV, making the body vulnerable to opportunistic infections and certain cancers. 1.2 Historical Development HIV/AIDS was first identified as a new disease in  1981  and has since become a global epidemic. The first case of AIDS in Zambia was diagnosed in  1984 . Epidemiology Distribution of HIV Prevalence Urban vs. Rural : HIV prevalence is higher in urban areas ( 23% ) compared to rural areas ( 11% ). Gender Disparity : Women are  1.4 times  more likely to be infected than men. National Prevalence : Zambia’s overall HIV prevalence rate is  14.3%  (ZDHS...
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MENTAL HEALTH SUMMARIES

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MENTAL HEALTH SUMMARIES ## **Mental Health Psychiatry Quick Summary** ### **Eating Disorders** Eating disorders are mental disorders characterized by severe disturbances in eating behaviors. #### **Causes** - **Genetic factors**: Family history of eating disorders. - **Occupational stress**: High-pressure environments. - **Social and cultural factors**: Societal pressure to conform to certain body standards. - **Physical and psychiatric conditions**: Depression, body dysmorphic disorder. --- ### **Anorexia Nervosa** Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by refusal to maintain a minimal normal body weight for height and age. #### **Diagnostic Criteria** - Symptoms persist for at least 6 months. - Refusal to maintain minimal normal body weight. - Preoccupation with body image, size, and weight. - Distorted perception of body size and weight. - Post-menarche individuals may develop amenorrhea (absence of menstruation). #### **Classification/Types** 1. **Restrictive Anorexia...
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LEADERSHIP & MANAGEMENT SUMMARY REVISION

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  CONFLICT MANAGEMENT AND RESOLUTION Define conflict                  (6%) Conflict is a discord, a state of disharmony, open or prolonged fighting, strife or friction OR Conflict is a disagreement resulting from individuals or groups that differ in Opinions, Attitudes, Beliefs, Needs, Values or Perceptions (ii) Mention five (5) effects of conflict on the organisation                       a)    Absenteeism b)    Staff turnover – Joining and leaving c)     De-motivation d)    Non-productivity e)    Reduced trust f)     Poor decisions because of withheld or distorted information g)    Tension, h)    Anxiety i)      Drives out low conflict tolerant people...
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