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Ageing and Disease: A Comprehensive Overview

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AGING & DISEASE Introduction to Aging Biological aging, termed  senescence  (process of ageing), is one of the most complex biological  processes. Geriatric – coined by Dr. Ignatz Nascher Geriatrics is often used as a generic term relating to older adults, but speci­cally refers to the medical care of the older adults . Geriatricians are physicians trained in geriatric medicine. Scope of practice : older adults from 65 until death. - Aging is an irreversible, gradual process marked by declining tissue and cell functions, increasing the risk of diseases like neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, metabolic, musculoskeletal, and immune system disorders. Aging can be defined as the time-related deterioration of the physiological functions necessary for  survival and fertility. Aging is defined as the progressive accumulation of damage over time, leading to disturbed function  on the cellular, tissue and organ level and eventually to disease and death. It is a ...
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

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  Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) 1.1 Definitions HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) : A virus that attacks the immune system, specifically CD4 cells (T-cells), leading to AIDS. There are two types:  HIV-1  (more severe) and  HIV-2 . AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) : A condition where the immune system is severely weakened by HIV, making the body vulnerable to opportunistic infections and certain cancers. 1.2 Historical Development HIV/AIDS was first identified as a new disease in  1981  and has since become a global epidemic. The first case of AIDS in Zambia was diagnosed in  1984 . Epidemiology Distribution of HIV Prevalence Urban vs. Rural : HIV prevalence is higher in urban areas ( 23% ) compared to rural areas ( 11% ). Gender Disparity : Women are  1.4 times  more likely to be infected than men. National Prevalence : Zambia’s overall HIV prevalence rate is  14.3%  (ZDHS...
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